Most of what makes up an emissions system is crap and a joke and anyone with a good mechanical and chemistry background can easily prove it. Its more of a mathematical misdirection and slight of hand game than anything just aimed at getting people to believe the wrong information.
Basically its just one more way to get people to buy more fuel while falsely feeling good about it.
The two honest and provable real emissions improvements were the catalytic converter and the reformulation of gasoline to clean up the NOx by products that created smog decades ago. They do have honest provable chemistry that backs up the improvements they make.
The rest is pointless over priced garbage that drives up the cost of a vehicle and makes you burn more fuel while the engine does the same work.