"4) What happens if the inverter short out or otherwise overloads the circuit?
Does the power supply turn off, the battery management system shut down or a fuse blows?"
The P.S. has very good current limiting.
As you probably know , an inverter using IGBTs
is always subject to IGBT failure. The inverter
is still in the R&D phase so part of this question
is about ways to test it. The battery has a BMS
that shuts it down if conditions warrant it and the
power supply model has been in use for probably
longer than you've been alive. (just a guess).