I had the same problem. tom_usenet from the Microchip forum found the answer...
https://www.microchip.com/forums/tm.aspx?m=640252&high=
A common (possibly ground) connection between all transceivers is vital. Connect 0 Volts between all CAN transceivers as well as the two CAN bus lines. i.e. you need a minimum of three wires.
You might get away with only two CAN wires if you can guarantee that all transceivers share a common ground at all times (and are never unplugged from ground), but it is simpler and more reliable to use a third wire.
Don't be fooled (like I was) by mikroElectronica CAN products, which only provide two CAN line connections. Common ground really is needed to prevent transceiver burn-out.
Have had no further transceiver burn-out since learning this valuable lesson.