I'd like to build a circuit to detect when any of my car light fails
I bought a pic 16f877 as I thought I could use its A/D converter to get a simpler circuit just needing proper interfaces among the lights and the A/D converter input.... but now it looks like it's not so trivial.
Connect a very low value resistor (10mΩ) in series with the bulb and sense the voltage drop across that resistor which will go into a comparator.
If the bulb is OK there will be a voltage drop according to bulb power. If the bulb is defective the voltage drop will be zero (on the low side) and full battery voltage if placed at the high side.
A photocell/phototransistor by the bulb location can send a signal to a circuit for detection if you want an electrical solution.
Unless you want to do it as Cadillacs, with optic fibers from the bulbs locations to a central sensing/indicator circuit at the instrument panel.
Seen simple fiber ends by the bulbs ducting a glow to the instrument panel too, no circuitry. What could be better ?
Buses need to detect when a globe fails.
The circuit I designed consisted of a few turns of thick wire around a reed switch and a plug and socket on each end. The unit was fitted to each lamp to be monitored and the reed switches were connected in series to a buzzer. When anything failed the buzzer sounded.
I sold thousands of the units. Nothing else came as cheap or reliable as this design.
Buses need to detect when a globe fails.
The circuit I designed consisted of a few turns of thick wire around a reed switch and a plug and socket on each end. The unit was fitted to each lamp to be monitored and the reed switches were connected in series to a buzzer. When anything failed the buzzer sounded.
I sold thousands of the units. Nothing else came as cheap or reliable as this design.
The lowest wattage for a bus was 18watt. This required 5 - 6 turns, but you can use much thinner hook-up flex and cover the reed switch with 20 turns or more if needed.
All's fine until you get to the alternator bulb. That one's weird. Current flow is bidirectional, and it is used to provide initial field current to the alternator. It's the one you would MOST want to check, and the one that's the hardest to do so.