First, some questions:
- do you want sine or square wave output?
- what is the low end of the frequency range that you need?
- what will it be used for?
Next, some tips. First of all, you may find that, while the 4046 is a good choice for a basic PLL operating at one frequency, your circuit will get somewhat complicated when you make it synthesize many frequencies. At the least, this will require several counter ICs. So, to make things easier, have a look at some synthesizer chips that include all the necessary logic into one part. You'll be happy to know that they all use the same structure of superior phase detector as found in the 4046.
A good starting point is an old part that I used back in the late 70's. Its old, but easy to use and quite reliable. Here it is:
https://www.electro-tech-online.com/custompdfs/2009/02/MC145151-2.pdf
It may be hard to get, so consider others too. I've had good luck with the National Semiconductor PLLatinum series. There are many, here is an example;
https://www.electro-tech-online.com/custompdfs/2009/02/LMX2310U.pdf
Some of the parts out there are tailored to use in phones and such, but many are good for general purpose use.
One of the main limitations in trying to go from 0 to 10MHz in a basic PLL synthesizer will be in trying to use a single VCO. We don't see many that span such a large percentage range. But there are clock synthesizers that get close so have a look at how those work too. Synthesizers for communications use rather than for logic clocks usually have to have low phase noise, which demands a different approach than is used by most clock synthesizers.
One simple approach that can work well is to synthesize a higher frequency, like 50 to 60 MHz for example (VCOs are much easier to get for such a range), and then simply mix the output of that with a 50 Mhz oscillator and then pass the result through a 10 MHz low pass filter. This will give you 0 to 10 Mhz.
edit:
Just want to add that my first working synthesizer was also built with a 4046 and an array of other chips. the 4046 is really good for learning how the phase detectors work. The entire design worked well in wire-wrap form, but mainly because I chose to use only 4000 series logic which has slow rise/fall times. I had built something similar previously using 74LS logic in wire-wrap form and it was a disaster of noise and glitches due to the lack of a good pcb layout. The one that worked was designed to replace a bank of crystals all around 7 MHz and 4000 logic was fine for that (with a few tricks added in to keep the frequencies low). So, you can use the 4046 if you are up to putting six or seven ICs together.