SWH,
A phase-locked-loop will lock onto the incoming frequency. Its square-wave output can be filtered with a switched-capacitor-filter IC, whose clock is derived from a counter/divider that is referenced to the PPL.
The filtered output will be just the fundamental frequency without harmonics.
The input signal should be a steady amplitude, perhaps requiring an automatic gain control.
Hey, this won't work if the PPL locks onto a harmonic frequency.
Is this a guitar tuner project?