Instead of messing up the time constant of 3.9M R16 slowly discharging 0.1uF C7 with your low value pot to change the threshold voltage of the Jfet, instead change the value of R5. When R5 has a low value then the Jfet is cutoff most of the time and the max signal level will be higher. When R5 has a high value then the Jfet will attenuate signals at a lower level.
The TL072 and most other opamps have a difficult job trying to drive a 600 ohm load. Their minimum spec'd load is 2k ohms.
The 1N4001 is a high current rectifier for 60Hz. It works poorly at audio frequencies. Use 1N914 or 1N4148 signal diodes instead.