I am a relative amateur but I'd offer that the value is determined by what you want the capacitor to do. Some of those things are:
A. Isolate AC and DC- AC will pass but DC won't.
B. Be part of timing or frequency - in an RC or LC arrangement.
C. As part of a filter.
D. To provide a reactance that is proportional to frequency.
So, you need to define the role the capacitor plays, at the very least, before even attempting to determine the value.
Not much but it's a start.