Not easy for a building that hasnt been prepared.
Detecting a wall to keep someone walking down a corridor without walking into it could probably be done with ultrasound and a microcontroller, but navigating presents an issue, whatever directs the person would need the movements on file.
You could use something like a dog perimeter guard, which is just a long wire, if the receiver goes to far from it, it can activate an alarm, or in this case maybe a device like a trembler so the person can tell, maybe one in each pocket for direction instructions.