Is sharing the same ground between a 12v ptc heater and a 5v fan ok?

[Zeroshin]

I have a circuit that consists of a 12vdc in, goes through a buck converter (lm2596) down to 5v. That 5v powers a fan and an esp32. It also powers the relay (a jqc-3ff-s-z to be exact, ignore what is written on the fritzing part). A 12vdc ptc heater positive goes to the 12vdc in positive. Both the ptc and the fan neutral go to the NO part of the relay. The COM of the relay is grounded.

Here is a fritzing of the thing:

The diagram is pretty much exact to the wiring with the exception that the 5v out goes through a switch before powering anything else.
The circuit is made to keep a filament box dry (with a humidity/temp sensor and some code on the esp32).

Thing is, when the relay is triggered, the whole thing shuts down, then back up. Neither the fan nor the ptc heater is powered.

What is wrong?

 

[ZipZapOuch]

Yes, you can share grounds. Make sure you add reverse biased diodes @across the relay's coil and the fan. These can (will) create back emf kick when switched off.

 

[rjenkinsgb]

You could if the grounds were unswitched - but No, you cannot directly share the ground between two different switched devices running from different voltages, when that shared ground is being switched.

When the relay contact is open, 12V can pass through the heater and fan motor to the 5V supply! That can definitely mess things up!


I'd leave the fan running and just switch the 12V positive supply to the heater; or use a two-pole relay, or a 12V fan, or a second small 5V regulator - or just appropriate resistor in series with the fan.


Also, take the heater negative back to the 12V input negative rather than the 5V regulator output negative, just to avoid any offset voltages within the module or wiring.

(When working with mixed items sharing a ground, a "star" layout is best, with each part wired separately back to the 0V or negative at or against against the power source, for the respective voltage
That avoids the voltage drop caused the current in one wire being added in to the voltage drop in another parts 0V connection).

Flywheel diodes are also essential across any inductive part (relay, solenoid, motor etc), as ZZO said.