What the modulation is necessary....
in my view it can be with out modulation... Am i right???
Exactly how will you be sending data if the laser is not moodulated in some way, shape, or form?
Data doesnt just magically flow down the bright light beam, and yes, it will need to be 2 way communication.
I do have to admit that your determination, and perseverence is good, but I also think that this may be a bit of a huge project to begin... with your current understanding of the theories involved.
The guys in the group are not trying to slow you down, or stop you from achieving your goals, they just have the past experience to realize that this is a bit too much for you to bite off...and may ultimately be a huge waste of your time.