Like Joel said, the bumps on the top, sides, bottom, etc. are likely diffractions and reflections from the various lens elements in your camera.
But -- the fingerprint-like image is actually an interference pattern caused by the coherent light from your laser pointer. These patterns are often called interference fringes and they result from the summing effects of the phase relationships of the laser energy. Laser energy is quite a bit different than regular light from lamps, etc. It is (usually) of one wavelength (sometimes more, depends on the laser) where all the light waves are in-phase, where a regular lamp creates a broad spectrum of optical radiation, basically a hodge-podge of wavelengths and phases. When the laser light hits an object, the perfect in-phase relationship of the waves is disturbed. When this light went into your camera lens, all kinds of interference between these light waves occurred. If two light waves arrive at the image sensor in-phase, they will sum, creating a bright area. If they arrive slightly out-of-phase, a difference will be created, making a dimmer area. If they arrive 180 degrees out-of-phase, they will cancel, leaving the area dark. These effects are used in holography to make 3D images and in interferometry to make measurements with a high degree of precision.
Here's a link to a web page which shows the math of this interference (in excruciating detail) and has a photo at the bottom of a HeNe laser interference pattern (look familiar?): **broken link removed**
JB