When it doesn't have a load, the output of a lousy old 741 opamp goes as low as 1.2V to 2.0V above its negative supply voltage (your circuit's 0V).
It goes as high as 1.2V to 2.0V less than its positive supply voltage.
The curves on the datasheet show how much the output voltage swing becomes less with load current.
The schematic of the 741 opamp in the datasheet shows why:
Its output transistors are emitter-followers with a 0.7V loss and their driving parts also have a voltage loss.
The output of a modern Cmos opamp goes to 0V and to +5V in your circuit. It is called, "rail to rail".
It goes as high as 1.2V to 2.0V less than its positive supply voltage.
The curves on the datasheet show how much the output voltage swing becomes less with load current.
The schematic of the 741 opamp in the datasheet shows why:
Its output transistors are emitter-followers with a 0.7V loss and their driving parts also have a voltage loss.
The output of a modern Cmos opamp goes to 0V and to +5V in your circuit. It is called, "rail to rail".