In simple terms, you can compare voltage, current and resistance in electronics to pressure, flow and restrictions in fluid flow.
Voltage = pressure; how strongly flow is forced through things.
Current = flow.
Resistance is like restrictions, or thin tubes rather than thick pipes. Less flow for a given pressure, or needing more pressure to maintain the same flow (current).
A high resistance will show the same voltage (pressure) as a low one, when there is no flow.
As soon as there is a low resistance elsewhere to complete the circuit, the pressure / voltage is dropped or lost across the high resistance part.
A capacitor is a bit like a hydraulic accumulator, or an elastic disc across a pipe; it will allow some flow as pressure changes and it stretches or releases, but no flow with a steady pressure / voltage.
If you have two or more resistors in series in a circuit, the voltage will be divided in proportion to the resistance; eg. 10K and 1K would have 10/11 of the voltage across the 10K and 1/11 across the 1K.
However, as soon as anything else is connected, you also have to allow for the resistance of the other parts; eg. two 1M resistors in series would have half the supply at the junction with nothing else connected. Add a 1K resistor from the junction to 0V and the voltage is then less than 1/1000th the supply...
You have to allow for all current paths in the end total circuit, you cannot work one bit out then connect something else and expect things to not be changed.