No, It cannot be done using that LCD module, it has no external inputs.
**broken link removed**
Secondly, your GPS receiver is designed to plug into a USB Host controller which means you either need a pc or an expensive host controller interface module to interface to it.
If you are willing to risk dismantling the gps receiver, you may be lucky to find it has an accessable serial output somewhere on it's pcb that you could use to interface to a microcontroller to decode the nmea protocol.
I don't recommend you attempt this project just yet. I suggest you could start by reading tutorials about interfacing a standard lcd module to a PIC microcontroller:
Then, when you are familiar with programing pic microcontrollers, buy a cheap, used gps module from ebay that has a TTL/CMOS serial data output and write some code to parse the nmea protocol and send it to the lcd. (You will need to do some research for this!)