The 14 bits are padded on either side, making the whole "word" 16 bits long. According to the prog spec, after issuing a Read Data or Load Data command, the clock is cycled 16 times, with the first and last bits being "start" and "stop" bits.
I noticed that when reading a word in memory, the PIC always throws a "1" as the 1st bit and another "1" as the 16th bit. The 14-bit word I programmed is between those two 1's. When the MSB of my 14-bit word is a "0", it doesn't throw the "1" as the 16th bit. And everything after that fails to read.
I did confirm that the PIC is being programmed correctly by incrementing passed the troublesome word and continuing to read.