How can you determine if the transistor is broken? without the data sheet, how can you determine the right pin assignment of a pnp transistor? a simple experiment about the transistor to know which is the emitter, base, collector? Thank you!!
Hook a load resistor (about 1K) from collector to negative supply set to ~10V.
Hook positive supply to emitter, call that ground.
Hook base to neg supply through a 47K current limiting resistor.
The collector should switch from ground to negative as the base resistor is connected/disconnected.
If you are serious about electronics, you should invest in test equipment. Of course there is the multimeter and power supply, but one tester that has proved invaluable more than once, and highly recommended, is the Peak Atlas semiconductor tester: