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A microcontroller (or MCU) is a computer-on-a-chip. It is a type of microprocessor emphasizing self-sufficiency and cost-effectiveness, in contrast to a general-purpose microprocessor (the kind used in a PC).
Which makes sense. 8080's, Z80, and 6502 were all microprocessors. Then they started pulling peripherals and memory on chip which resulted in the microcontroller.
I try to mention 3 characteristics of each of them . I hope it helps you well.
Microprocessors:
1 - It has not RAM,ROM,I/o Ports,Timer and so on.
2 - Adding Ram and Rom and expanding them in microperocessors is possible and microprocessors are flexible in this issue.
3 - Thay have more speed than microcontrollers.
Microcontrollers:
1 - They have Ram,Rom,I/O ports,Timer,Serial port,Interrupt and so on.
2 - They have lower speed than microprocessors.
3 - They have low flexibility in expanding memory issue.
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