Welcome to ETO, jakub!
This site:
http://www.sciencekits.com/electron.html has a number of kits.
For my part, my electronic history began with an Allied Radio "Span Master" kit:
And I was utterly hooked. Got my Ham license a year later
The site I suggested above has a similar, although simpler "kit" for an AM/FM radio (
Electronic AM/FM Radio Kit, further down the page). Solid state with wire spring type connectors.
That one kit will teach you loads (cheaply, but you'll end up with a device that will "prove" you did it correctly)...
<EDIT> Forgot to add you can come back here and get your questions answered about how and what the various components (or circuits) are doing, and why.