As long as you can get the technical data on the display - eg. what type of internal driver IC it uses and what signals it needs - it should be quite possible.
I have a prototype of a product on my bench right now that uses a 1.8" full colour LCD screen, with a DSPIC33 series microcontroller feeding it with graphics. That's displaying a user interface, mostly text plus small icon images, but there is no reason you cannot do the same with full screen images.