Going back
MANY years we used to repair equipment for a local company, they were called 'holiday detectors' (and according to google still are), essentially they used a small inverter to generate about 500-600V (going from memory), and this was used to detect pin holes in painted surfaces. The company did research on rusting metal underwater, such as on oil rigs.
Presumably it was asimilar type of unit?.
I said
MANY years ago, as I recall the units used Germanium transistors