One pin in the connector means it's just a metal probe electrode.
If there is water contamination in the filter, the water would cause some conduction between the probe and filter case ground.
The only electrical test you can do is ensure the probe wire is connected to the connector pin.
If it's reading contamination when it should not, try with the probe plug disconnected?
If the fault clears when the probe is unplugged, I'd suspect a crack in the plastic near where it fits through the filter casing, that has moisture in the crack, causing a short. That would need a new probe.
If the fault still shows, the problem could be a connector with corrosion between pins or a wire worn through against some metalwork, or with cracked insulation & water or corrosion between that and some metalwork somewhere - a short or some "leakage" on the sense wire between the filter and whatever ECU it connects to?