Is the size (thickness,AWG) of wire proportional to the maximum amount of current going through a transformer? Meaning the AWG of the wire gets smaller (thicker) does it allow a bigger current transfer? Ie, if transformer has say 18AWG Wire and I increase it to 14AWG, will I get more current?
You're going to get a little bit more current only because the thicker the wire equals less resistive losses, but I belive how much current/voltage you get depends on how you wind the transformer.
Make sure though to use high enough gauge wire though for the current, otherwise the wire might melt :lol:
How much current you can get from secondary winding depends on VA rating of the transformer. VA rating is proportional to iron core cross section area and not to wire AWG.
The greater current rating requires thicker wire because of resistive loss of winding.
Thickness of wire depends on current through winding. Current density in wire is usually about 3.5-4A/mm^2. This value is choosen regarding to power loss and as a consequence the temperature rise in transformer.
If your transformer is 1000VA you can at 12V of secondary voltage get about 75-80A. Wire for that current wil have about 4.9mm in diameter.
You may wount thicker wire if you have available space on coil former.