Troubleshooting SMPS for Allen Bradley PLC

bmandl

New Member
Hello everyone. A while a go, I got an old Allen Bradley PLC from an acquaintance. I played around with it a bit until it's PSU failed. There was no output from it whatsoever. I decided to repair it, as I can still use this PLC for some home project. At first, I just quickly analysed it and found out that electrolytic cap (C11) failed and PWM IC couldn't start (it was also making squeeking noises). I replaced it and found out that IC itself is also shorted. In the process of making measurements, I also made a short with probe and burned power switching mosfet. I replaced both of them and it started working - well...somewhat. This is a dual output power supply (5V and 24V) and I'm measuring around 35-40V and 4.1V respectively. So, obviously something is not functioning ok. So, I decided to analyze it more deeply and I reverse engineered it. I took quality high res photos of pcb and I drew PCB from which I could generate schematic - really fun process and now I want to do more of this

However, I've come up with following schematics. On the first image you can see transformer and optocoupler, connecting output section with control section (switching). Then we have input section, which is fine, control section (switching), which is also fine I suspect and lastly output section, which is the most interesting part of this design. Based on transformer and connections in input and control section, I think this is a forward converter type of SMPS - please correct me if I'm wrong. Secondary winding, that's used for +5V is also used for feedback, although I don't fully understand how the part which goes into U4 reference pin works.
The other part of this section is really interesting to me. There are 3 transistors. Q2 and Q4 are some kind of emmiter followers. Q2 is driven by U5 voltage reference, then Q4 is driven by Q2. And lastly, Q5 is driven by Q4. Q5 controls voltage reference U5 and serves as some kind of feedback. I don't know if pin 6 of J2 is input from PLC circuit or is actually output. The section that I tried to explain is switching control for Q3 which is used as buck or boost converter? How?
I'm having some hard time to fully understand this design so I'm looking for some advice/tips/explanations to help me better understand it and possibly fix the problem. Please correct me if I misunderstood something.
I'm also attaching image of the PCB if by any chance someone recognizes it or if it helps in some other way.

PS.: I've also posted this same question on two other forums. If there is any update, I will write up in all places. I hope this is not considered a bad practice.

 
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Solution
I can't seem to find C11 on your diagrams? - but a very common failure in such circuits is the secondary reservoir capacitors, these should be tested with an ESR meter - is you haven't used an ESR meter, then you haven't tested them. A particularly common failure is what's labelled C26 in your diagram, which is bad, as that's the rail that the regulation is done from.
I can't seem to find C11 on your diagrams? - but a very common failure in such circuits is the secondary reservoir capacitors, these should be tested with an ESR meter - is you haven't used an ESR meter, then you haven't tested them. A particularly common failure is what's labelled C26 in your diagram, which is bad, as that's the rail that the regulation is done from.
 
Solution
Thank you, Nigel Goodwin for your answer. C11, is on third diagram (control) as a VCC filtering capacitor for U1 I think. It's a electrolytic capacitor - 47u 50V. I will try to replace C26 when I get to my workshop and I will report.

Right, I found C11 - it's actually off the top of the rest of the circuit, and was off screen

Do you have an ESR meter?, if not do you have a scope? - if so check for ripple on the outputs of the secondary rectifiers, this will show if the associated capacitors (such as C26) are high ESR.
 
That was it. After replacing C26, I got nice 24V and 5V at the outputs. Nice, thank you again, Nigel Goodwin. I also replaced C22 and C23. C22 just in case, but C23 looked like it leaked like C26. There was fluid underneath it when I removed it.
I would still like to understand this design better, especially Q2, Q3, Q4 and Q5 section. Can someone help me with that?

Edit: I was to fast with reply and I didn't see your reply. No, I don't have ESR meter unfortunately, but I have a scope. I didn't check for ripple at C26 point. I assume there was quite a bit of it. It wasn't there on the output though so I assume output filter capacitors are ok.
 
Like I said, the capacitor in that position is a VERY common failure

I'm pleased you got it sorted.
 
I would still like to understand this design better, especially Q2, Q3, Q4 and Q5 section. Can someone help me with that?
Without working through it in detail, it appear to be some form of "Power OK" circuit based on the 5V output, that enables the 24V output via the MOSFET switch.
 
Without working through it in detail, it appear to be some form of "Power OK" circuit based on the 5V output, that enables the 24V output via the MOSFET switch.
Hm. But, since this is P-channel mosfet, when +5V is "not ok" or low, then transistor is "more open" and thus, voltage at +24V is higher. At least that's what I understand and that was the situation when C26 was faulty. Or did you meant something else by "Power OK"?
 
The MOSFET appears to be a series switch from the rectifier to the output.

It should be OFF unless the junction of the gate resistor and U5 is low?
 
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