The photo-transistor needs to have a fairly high value collector resistor and a very high impedance load to have high gain. Your preamp opamp is an inverting type with a low input impedance. The opamp should be a non-inverting type with a high input impedance.
The lousy old 741 opamp is too noisy (hissss) to be a preamp. Use an audio opamp instead like a TL071.
If the preamp is a non-inverting type so that the photo-transistor has high gain then the capacitor at pin 1 and pin 8 of the LM386 amplifier is not needed to boost its gain then it won't have hiss.
Of course you have acousical feedback howling (shrill sound) when the microphone can hear the speaker and the sound goes around and around in the amplifiers and in the air.