The USART will shift out your data one bit at a time. It can signal when the buffer is ready for another byte. The 18F4550 can sample a single A/D channel at a maximum of about 35kHz, the EUSART can convert a byte to serial faster than your bluetooth serial port can sustain.
Say your bluetooth is set for 115k baud, this works out to roughly 11.5k bytes per second or if you want to send two bytes well half that number so 5.75k words per second. So about 5 kHz audio at 10bit. This does not include any oversampling.
You might be able to run at 230k baud serial but your bluetooth adapter will almost certanly need flow control (start / stop) but your mileage may vary.
How fast are you sampling the A/D? How many channels?