I guess it all hangs on how you define "short range" and "wireless".
The LM380 is an audio amplifier IC, connect a microphone to the input and a loudspeaker to the output.
Talk into the microphone, sound comes out of the loudspeaker, somebody who is a short distance (range) away will hear you, without there being any wire between you and the person hearing you.
So yes you could use and LM380 as a short range wireless intercom.
But I suspect this is not the solution you are looking for, I think the real answer to your question is no.
JimB