The board you made looks good for a first attempt, other than the mistakes made.
Problem number 1 was you printed the silkscreen layer and is why you got the resistors and component outlines.........Dont do that!!
Just print the "Bottom layer" only.
Second problem is the smudging of the toner transfer joining the tracks together, it is always important to do a good visual check for problems before you etch.
Any problems can be removed with a small craft knife or scriber, by scratching away the bridges between the tracks to bare the copper before you etch.
Also if the holes are missing (as some of yours are) its a good practice to carefully scratch a small spot in the toner so a hole will etch, it dont need to be round or perfect just a small mark will do.
When you come to drilling this will make the job much easier, as without the hole in the copper the drill bit will be hard to locate in the correct spot and you are likely to break drill bits.
If you slip and remove toner that you should not have, then this can be repaired with a sharpie marker pen, or i used a CD label pen, just let the ink dry well before you etch.
Again if the pen ink gets where it should not have scrach it away before you etch.
It all might sound difficult, but you get rather good at it and quick with a little practice, and its a hell of a lot easier to fix the mistakes before you etch a board the afterwards.
Pete.