Once you get the hang of ladder format it can make trouble shooting that much easier, as I said, with this one it is not a good first example due to the dual sided switching of relay/contactor coils etc.
The usual format is like as in post #4, the logic elements go from left to right and end up in an output or final result, e.g. coil, timer, contactor etc.
It is actually a form of Boolean logic. i.e. AND's, OR's, NAND's = OUT etc.
Referring to the Schneider book I emailed, it shows more such examples.
Max.
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