I certainly wouldn't have said so? - they aren't even in the usual places - usually R3 (if present at all) should be the other side of R2, and should be lower, and R2 should be a LOT lower.
Generally you want the transistor to be fully switched ON, and a 12K resistor is far too high for that.
But I agree there's no need to do any calculations.
I certainly wouldn't have said so? - they aren't even in the usual places - usually R3 (if present at all) should be the other side of R2, and should be lower, and R2 should be a LOT lower.
Generally you want the transistor to be fully switched ON, and a 12K resistor is far too high for that.
But I agree there's no need to do any calculations.
Yes, those values (and positions) are a lot better.
Although, in this exact case, the collector current required probably isn't very high anyway - but it's good practice to drive the transistor correctly.
R3 should be on micro side of R2, otherwise it reduces base drive due to V
divider effect if its on right. Ic is a f(Vbe). Note by being on left
side that takes a little more current out of micro pin, hence its high
side Vds increases, but with values shown not significant I would posit.
Purpose of pulldown is to absorb leakage w/o turning on downstream devices. Eg. when typical
micro starts up pin is placed into inputs state so effectively floating.
The difference however in circuit behavior not large. Note
simulators typically use a modified Ebers Moll model, and
some DC stuff may not be accurate.
So in short I place on left, in some apps use internal GPIO pull down. But then
its effectiveness comes back under program control on startup, eg. can you config
a PD before turning GPIO into output.
Sims show at low drive levels (say around 1V), eg, Vin, up to a 25% difference occurs in Ibase, but
at the typical 3.3 or higher drops to 2% or less. I attribute this to knee of emitter base junction
around its "threshold" V.
Interestingly the Ic is almost insensitive. However I found on web simulators using Ebers Moll
model may have some DC accuracy issues. So if you have time do some measurements,
otherwise I would ignore as stated in post #9
Why do you need 2N2222, why not drive the PS/Synch pin directly ?