Hi JP the 5 volt should be rock solid constant ... not 4.7 but 5 +- .1 scope not required just good DMM . also check for ripple on the 5v with DMM set to AC . Address / bus issues are more complex to diagnose, next step for me ...would be to eyeball the board with a good lens, looking for dry joints, especially where large components have been added. Has this unit been left unpowered for some time ? . then old electro capacitors can deform, if your error is UVEPROM data
data retention is not infinite Typically 10-40 years depends who you ask, but eventually they just start to forget their data. But a programmer may be able to read the device correctly ( bus loading and voltages better ), and then 'burn' some new chips with the old file.. (a long shot) ,