Lots and lots of storage options. HomeDespot and bLowes have them for reasonable prices. Here's some examples:
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get at least 2 or 3X the capacity you think you will need. Make sure all the cabinets have interchangable drawers (my biggest mistake) so you can move them around. I thought "I'll just go back and get more when i need them" but they are always changing them and newer ones don't fit in the older parts bins. sigh. Also, for really big stuff, I use stacking clear plastic storage bins so i can see what's inside. tar-jay has lots of them. storage stores usually have good selections.
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The organization is harder. I am only moderately satisfied with my system as it requires constant care and feeding. Here's what I have done. I have about 30 drawers for ICs: transistors, mosfets, comparators, audio amps, op amps, inverters, PICs (2 drawers), AVRs, several specific logics (like 74hc595s), misc logic, leds, crystals... I have 7 drawers for resistors: 3 leaded, 3 smt (hi, med, low values) and one for random Rs (power, etc), 7 drawers for caps of different types and values. sensors, diodes, inductors, connectors and so on all get multiple drawers. Larger drawers for things like programmers, power supplies, motors, etc.
When one drawer gets too full, I split it into 2 or 3 drawers. at least that's the theory. It takes time and attention - right now, it's a mess and I need to put about 3 hours into a full clean up to regain control. I try to have sections that roughly track a typical catalog organization. I use small, clear address labels and print the names in a large and dark type as possible so I can read them from a distance.
edit: sigh, ya beat me to it HT