I think most glue has a tendency to loosen up when there is a shear force at work. ... Perhaps you have tried something like this already.
yes, on a regular basis. at work I have a dozen machines where I do this. I glue rubber pads to a spinning steel wheel; these pads/wheels close together on either side of a large (2000lb) reel of steel wire and then it wheels/pads are connected to a motor which spins the reel (hundreds of rpm). These wheels/pads also brake the reel. So there is a huge amount of sheering force, or maybe I should say lateral rubbing force, and the glue holds. When they fail, it's usually because the rubber ripped. The loctite 380 does a superb job. When I change the pads, I have to use a chisel and mallet to get the pads off, followed by a vigorous wire-wheeling with an angle grinder. If you're going to do this, make sure your pedal is clean and try to scuff up the surface of the rubber if it's super smooth.