That 18V at the socket, without the bulb, is the open circuit voltage and it will drop when you add the lightbulb (a load). You have to measure the voltage with the bulb in place.
There appears to be AC and DC versions of those 10W bulbs as well. Are you sure you have the DC version? Most home 12V 10W halogen bulbs are AC (as in my desk lamp). While both will work with the same voltage and current, your power supply in the fridge may be seeing a different current surge on startup and shutting down perhaps?
Most DC halogen lamps are made for the automobile industry.