The problem is that the rectangular wave swings between 0V and +5V.For initially for 2 cycles of triangular wave was not good and bit low amplitude but after 2 cycles it was stable and works good
That will bring You a DC component of 2.5V at the - Input of Your OP-Amp.
You can avoid this when using a positive Voltage ( around 2.5V ) at the +Input of the Op-Amp by an voltage divider.
The exact Voltage depends of the Supply of the digital part's and the voltage losses of this parts, additional the input offset of the Op-Amp.
So the idea of gophert to use a pot there is very good.
Another Idea is to use only one supply with 10......12V ( than You have to use C-Mos 40xx chips ) and use the second OP of the LF353 to generate a virtual mass point ( +5V ).
The triangle wave swings in this case around 5V above GND.