@Joe
Theoretically, if the pump control input had an infinite resistance, the 25k pot would drop the 5V down to 4.8V; so your measured 4.77V suggests the input resistance is pretty high (~300k, if the trimmer is accurately 25k). That's good.
You probably have a spare 50k trimmer (50k is used in your built wave timer module). If so, try that. The 5V should then drop to nearly 4.9V, giving you almost the original max speed.
@KISS
I did consider a buffer, but if the pump input resistance is ~300k and the 50k pot raises the speed enough a buffer shouldn't be necessary.