How con i limite a 20A of current to get 1.5A to power a circuit.

Silence19 · Nov 28, 2022

If i have a battery of 3.7v 20000mah and i want to power a circuit with an ic with max current o 2.5A.

How can i limit the current to get 1.5A to power the ic with out frying it.

Les Jones · Nov 28, 2022

As long as the voltage is correct you don't need to worry that the power supply is capable of supplying more than 1.5 amps. The load will only take the current it requires providing that the power supply is capable of supplying 1.5 amps or more.

Les.

danadak · Nov 28, 2022

The 2N2905 not adequate Ic so select a larger device with some margin. The transistor
operated in linear region so a couple of watts, needs a heatsink. Pick one that not only
handles the current but has decent beta and leave enough Vce on the transistor to
support the beta.

This approach yields good compliance range for your relatively low battery V
application.

Different part :

Using a Linear Regulator to Produce a Con | Maxim Integrated

Article shows how to use linear voltage regulators to provide a constant current. Two circuits are presented, one for high-side and another for low-side current sources.

www.maximintegrated.com

Regards, Dana.

Diver300 · Nov 28, 2022

Also, it's a 20 Ah battery. Ah, or Amp-hour, is a measure of capacity, not maximum current, and there is no direct relation between the Ah rating of a battery and the maximum current, although higher Ah rated batteries often have higher maximum current ratings.

If you take 1.5 A from the battery, it should last for 20 / 1.5 = 13.33 hours.

It could be a good idea to put a suitable fuse, say 2 A, in series with the +ve of the battery. If all goes well, the fuse will do nothing. If things go wrong, the fuse could prevent further damage.

danadak · Nov 28, 2022

Something simpler :

The Zener is represented by V2, could not find a 1.2V spice model, although
zeners that low exist.

Note Pdiss of power transistor, definite heat sink needed.

Lastly compliance of current source down to 1.5V so not too bad.

Regards, Dana.

Silence19 · Nov 28, 2022

Les Jones said:
As long as the voltage is correct you don't need to worry that the power supply is capable of supplying more than 1.5 amps. The load will only take the current it requires providing that the power supply is capable of supplying 1.5 amps or more.

Les.

U mean, no matter the current supplied the circuit will draw the current it needs to power up only.
So what makes circuit or an ic burn out?

Dick Cappels · Nov 29, 2022

This why I can screw a 5 watt LED lamp into a light socket and not have the full 5 Kilowatts available at the socket melt the lamp.

Pommie · Nov 29, 2022

Silence19 said:
So what makes circuit or an ic burn out?

Too much voltage which will cause more current. If the voltage is correct then the device will take the current it needs. Like Dick said, a 10A socket (or whatever it is in your country) will power an LED lamp that needs just 0.03A to power it.

Mike.
Edit, check what voltage your circuit/IC needs.

rjenkinsgb · Nov 29, 2022

Silence19 said:
U mean, no matter the current supplied the circuit will draw the current it needs to power up only.
So what makes circuit or an ic burn out?

Yes; with the appropriate supply voltage, the device will be fine as long as it's not overloaded.
It's current available, rather than it being forced in to whatever is connected.
Voltage is like "pressure" that can force too high power, it's that which is critical.

Failures are typically from too high a voltage so it breaks down internally, or drawing too much current from (through) the device; either a large overload that blows the internals directly, or with less extreme overloads, heat building up until the device fails from excess temperature.

Silence19 · Nov 29, 2022

Pommie said:
Too much voltage which will cause more current. If the voltage is correct then the device will take the current it needs. Like Dick said, a 10A socket (or whatever it is in your country) will power an LED lamp that needs just 0.03A to power it.

Mike.
Edit, check what voltage your circuit/IC needs.

Thanks man
I understand it now, i am a beginner in electronics.

Silence19 · Nov 29, 2022

rjenkinsgb said:
Yes; with the appropriate supply voltage, the device will be fine as long as it's not overloaded.
It's current available, rather than it being forced in to whatever is connected.
Voltage is like "pressure" that can force too high power, it's that which is critical.

Failures are typically from too high a voltage so it breaks down internally, or drawing too much current from (through) the device; either a large overload that blows the internals directly, or with less extreme overloads, heat building up until the device fails from excess temperature.

Ok u mean if i drive 10A 10v through a circuit with a max of 2.5A 5v it will burn out.
But if i do drive it with 10A 4.5v through it, nothing will go wrong with the circuit right.
( should i say the current doesn't really matter, its the voltage going through it that matters right)
Like the more the voltage the more it push current through the circuit right?
And the less the voltage the less it drives current though the circuit.
Am i right or am still missing something?

rjenkinsgb · Nov 29, 2022

Silence19 said:
Am i right or am still missing something?

Pretty much right.

The current rating of the supply does not matter, as long as it is high enough to run whatever is connected.

On the other side of things, if you eg. used an IC or transistor with a maximum rating of 2.5A and tried to use that to control a load (such as a motor or lamp) that takes 5A at the working voltage, then the IC or transistor is probably going to start leaking it's magic smoke!

Pommie · Nov 29, 2022

To use the water analogy, voltage is pressure, current is how much can be supplied or is supplied. Turn a tap on enough and all the pressure will be gone (at the tap inlet) and lots of water will flow. As you turn it off, the pressure increases as the flow decreases. The tap is the same as a variable resistor or, in your case, your circuit (which is partially open). Not a very good analogy but hopefully you get the idea.

Mike.

Les Jones · Nov 29, 2022

If you think about it another way then if there was nothing connected to the output of the power supply and it was still outputting 10 amps it would have to supply tens of thousands of volts so it could arc across it's output terminals as the only way to provide a path for the current.

Les.

danadak · Nov 29, 2022

Les Jones said:
As long as the voltage is correct you don't need to worry that the power supply is capable of supplying more than 1.5 amps. The load will only take the current it requires providing that the power supply is capable of supplying 1.5 amps or more.

Les.

Current limits can protect both upstream circuits and downstream. A circuit can fail drawing
excess current or a short or an open or anything in between. A current limit can leave a
load still active while limiting its max allowed current, or it can make the downstream
load fail to operate due to voltage collapse. You can have fixed current limits like being
discussed (graph on left) in this thread, or even foldback current (graph on right) limits :

Graph on left notice when in current limit the load voltage can range from
Vconst to 0, depends on what current limit circuit and load are doing. The
current limit V vertical portion of graph can also have more of a slope to
it, depends on how its implemented.

Regards, Dana.

Silence19 · Nov 29, 2022

rjenkinsgb said:
Pretty much right.

The current rating of the supply does not matter, as long as it is high enough to run whatever is connected.

On the other side of things, if you eg. used an IC or transistor with a maximum rating of 2.5A and tried to use that to control a load (such as a motor or lamp) that takes 5A at the working voltage, then the IC or transistor is probably going to start leaking it's magic smoke!

Clearly understood it now.
Thanks man.❤

Silence19 · Nov 29, 2022

Pommie said:
To use the water analogy, voltage is pressure, current is how much can be supplied or is supplied. Turn a tap on enough and all the pressure will be gone (at the tap inlet) and lots of water will flow. As you turn it off, the pressure increases as the flow decreases. The tap is the same as a variable resistor or, in your case, your circuit (which is partially open). Not a very good analogy but hopefully you get the idea.

Mike.

Yea man just a beginner
I just tried to lay out the idea i had in mind.
But thanks man

Silence19 · Nov 29, 2022

Les Jones said:
If you think about it another way then if there was nothing connected to the output of the power supply and it was still outputting 10 amps it would have to supply tens of thousands of volts so it could arc across it's output terminals as the only way to provide a path for the current.

Les.

Thanks man

Silence19 · Nov 29, 2022

danadak said:
Current limits can protect both upstream circuits and downstream. A circuit can fail drawing
excess current or a short or an open or anything in between. A current limit can leave a
load still active while limiting its max allowed current, or it can make the downstream
load fail to operate due to voltage collapse. You can have fixed current limits like being
discussed (graph on left) in this thread, or even foldback current (graph on right) limits :
View attachment 139475

Graph on left notice when in current limit the load voltage can range from
Vconst to 0, depends on what current limit circuit and load are doing. The
current limit V vertical portion of graph can also have more of a slope to
it, depends on how its implemented.

Regards, Dana.

Thanks dana✌

How con i limite a 20A of current to get 1.5A to power a circuit.

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